Filler metals used in soldering were once lead based (lead solder), however, owing to regulations, lead-based solders are increasingly replaced with lead free solders, which may consist of antimony, bismuth, brass, copper, indium, tin or silver.
Soldering guns are used for applications where more heat is required as irons use lower power. This tool is used for joining stained glass, light sheet metal and heavy electronic soldering work. When you need to solder intermittently, the soldering gun is much more practical as it cools much quicker.
Basic Soldering For Electronics Pdf
A soldering iron is a hand tool used to heat solder, usually from an electrical supply at high temperatures above the melting point of the metal alloy. This allows for the solder to flow between the workpieces needing to be joined.
This soldering tool is made up of an insulated handle and a heated pointed metal iron tip. Good soldering is influenced by how clean the tip of your soldering iron is. To maintain cleanliness, a user will hold the soldering iron and use a wet sponge to clean the soldering iron tip prior to soldering components or making soldered connections.
In addition to the soldering iron, solder suckers are an important part of the soldering setup. If excessive solder is applied, these small tools are used to remove the solder, leaving only that desired.
Soldering is widely used in the electronics industry for electrical connections, such as joining copper to printed circuit boards. It is also used by plumbers to join together copper pipes. The reversible effects are why it is very useful in many industries, and you even see it employed in jewellery.
When we say soldering, we usually mean in the context of electronics where we solder the electronic components onto a PCB. Since all the components and tiny, to perform soldering effectively, you have to equip yourself with the right set of tools, accessories.
A soldering station is a complete kit that comes with all the essential tools for soldering. The common tools include soldering iron, hot air guns, and de-soldering tools. A soldering station is commonly used to solder sensitive electronic components as you can set the precise temperature of the soldering tip.
Soldering iron is the most basic soldering equipment that is shaped in the form of a pen. This is used by beginners for DIY soldering works such as soldering PCBs and other electronic components. First, heat the tip of the iron by powering the device. Once heated, place it on the solder and melt it.
Soldering guns are shaped like pistols and are operated using electricity. The soldering gun uses tin-based solder to solder copper wires or make other electrical connections. You have to connect it to a power outlet and press the trigger to heat the solder.
A desoldering station uses either hot air or vacuum to melt and remove excess solder after the soldering process. The desoldering station uses a hose to direct air from an air pump. The hose has a nozzle and heating element at the end. The heating element heats the air which melts the solder. Once melted, you can remove the solder easily.
Similar to soldering iron, the soldering pencil is used to solder small metallic elements and electrical components. You heat the solder using the heating element located at the end of the soldering pencil. Soldering pencil has a finer point that helps in detailed and microscopic soldering works.
The butane soldering iron is a modified version of the conventional soldering iron that runs on butane. It heats up fast and can melt solder in less than 40 seconds. Besides, it is also cordless and has a wide range of temperatures. So, you can use this for a wide range of soldering purposes and for soldering different materials.
Solder is the filler material that melts and joins the two materials. The rule of thumb is that it should have a lower melting point than the materials to be joined. Only then the solder will melt first and bond the materials. The solders come with and without lead. Based on the materials you are soldering, you have to choose the solder with a lower melting point.
The solder flux is a chemical agent that is used to clean the surface of the metals that are to be joined. You can solder without applying flux. But, the joints might not be strong and can be broken easily. The flux removes the oxides formed on metal surfaces and prevents further oxidation. This strengthens the soldering joints.
A solder flux pen is used to apply flux on the metal surface before the soldering process. The main advantage of using a flux pen is that you can apply the flux only in areas where you are going to solder. This is especially useful while soldering PCBs. Using a flux pen is pretty easy.
The tip of the soldering iron that heats and melts the solder is known as a solder tip. It is generally made of a copper core as copper is a good conductor of heat. It is coated with iron or nickel. The solder tips come in different shapes with each shape, more suited for a specific type of soldering.
Soldering wick is a type of desoldering tool that is made of intertwining copper wires together. When you place the tip of the soldering wick and heat it, the wick will melt the solder and absorb it. Once a portion of the soldering wick is covered with solder, you will have to remove the part. Repeat the process until you remove all the solder.
The solder paste is used in PCB assembly for soldering the electronic components. It is made of minute solder spheres held together by solder flux. To apply the solder paste, you have to use a stencil or other techniques. The solder paste is only applied to areas where you need to solder.
Also known as a desoldering pump, it is used to remove solder from PCBs. Some desoldering pumps come with a soldering iron. If not, you have to get an iron separately and heat the solder before using this pump to suck the solder.
When you use hot air guns for soldering, you will face the issue of overheating the materials. The overheating will damage the materials. Besides, a sudden increase in temperature will lead to thermal shock. To avoid this, you have to use a preheater. The primary purpose of a preheater is to gradually raise the temperature of the materials.
The soldering helping hands have hand-like clutches that can hold wires when you are soldering. This allows you to create precision joints. The number of hands differs from one model to another. Most models come with two hands while some can have four. You can also place the soldering iron on these hands.
A soldering mat is heat resistant and protects your floors, walls, cables, and other flammable materials when you are soldering. The soldering mats can resist heat up to 1250 degrees celsius. The soldering mat is generally used while soldering copper pipes in plumbing. But, you can use it for all soldering purposes as well.
The fumes released during soldering can be very toxic. Especially, if you are using lead-based solder, the soldering fumes can cause irreversible health damages. To protect yourself from inhaling toxic fumes, you can use a smoke absorber.
The solder tapes are used to hold the binding metal parts together while soldering. It has a high heat resistance and prevents the heat from transferring to other parts of the metal. The solder tapes come with widths ranging between 1/8 inches and 2 inches.
One rule of thumb in soldering is never to hold the solder materials using your hand. You should always use a pair of tweezers to hold the materials. If you are someone who solders materials of different sizes and thickness, then you should get a tweezer set. You can not use the same pair of tweezers to hold materials of different sizes.
After the completion of soldering, you have to clean the tip of the soldering iron to remove the solder and carbon material. For this, you can use brass wool. It is a type of dry cleaner that is made of soft metal shavings and coated with flux. You have to thrust the iron tip into the brass wool a few times to clean it.
A solder stand is used to safely keep the soldering tools when not in use. The most common stand you will come across is the soldering iron stand. It allows you to keep the hot soldering iron away from your work area after use. It also makes it easier for you to clean the soldering iron tips.
The soldering tip tinner is made of mild acid and is used to prevent the oxidation of the soldering iron tip when you are not using it. Besides, you can also use it to remove the residue after soldering. You have to insert the soldering iron tip into the tinner and then wipe it with a damp sponge or cloth. This will remove the residue and prevent oxidation of the tip.
The choice of soldering tools depends upon your soldering skill and the type of materials to be soldered. A soldering iron will serve you well if you are a beginner. But, as you develop your accuracy, you might have to upgrade to a soldering station.
If you still have any doubts or queries in choosing the best soldering equipment, let us know using the comments section. My team will help you out. You can also post your thoughts and opinions in the comments box.
In this clear and straightforward guide, Alan Winstanley teaches you the ins and outs of soldering. Topics include soldering, desoldering (just as important), tools, and components. Very useful primer and reference.
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